| DC Output Power |
20–60 kW for workplaces and destination charging; 60–180 kW for public charging; 180–350 kW for highway and fleet use. |
Higher power can reduce charging time but may require greater grid capacity, larger conductors, and upgraded protection equipment. |
Match charger power with vehicle acceptance limits, dwell time, site demand, and utility service capacity. |
| System Efficiency |
A well-designed DC charging system commonly targets approximately 94%–97% power-conversion efficiency at rated load. |
Higher efficiency lowers energy losses, operating costs, heat generation, and cooling requirements. |
Request efficiency curves at different load levels rather than relying only on the peak-efficiency figure. |
| Dynamic Load Management |
Real-time allocation of available power among chargers, with configurable site limits and priority rules. |
Prevents demand spikes and can delay or reduce the need for costly electrical-service upgrades. |
Confirm support for charger-level, circuit-level, and whole-site power limits, including fail-safe behavior during communication loss. |
| Communication Protocols |
Support for OCPP 1.6 or OCPP 2.0.1, with documented interoperability and secure remote management. |
Open protocols reduce dependence on a single software ecosystem and simplify future system integration. |
Verify protocol version, supported profiles, cybersecurity controls, firmware procedures, and API availability. |
| Vehicle and Connector Compatibility |
Select the connector standards required by the local vehicle population, such as CCS, CHAdeMO, or GB/T. |
Connector availability directly affects vehicle coverage, utilization, and customer satisfaction. |
Review regional regulations, fleet requirements, cable ratings, connector availability, and future vehicle procurement plans. |
| Plug-and-Charge Readiness |
Optional support for ISO 15118 features, including certificate-based authentication where supported by the vehicle and network. |
Automated authentication can improve user convenience and enable advanced energy-management functions. |
Confirm the exact ISO 15118 edition, certificate-management process, backend compatibility, and vehicle support. |
| Availability and Serviceability |
Set a project target for operational availability, commonly 97%–99% depending on site criticality and service coverage. |
Reliable availability increases revenue potential and reduces driver disruption. |
Define availability measurement, excluded downtime, response times, spare-parts logistics, and remote-diagnostic procedures. |
| Environmental Protection |
Outdoor installations commonly require an enclosure rating such as IP54 or higher; the exact requirement depends on site exposure and local codes. |
Protection against dust and water supports safe operation and longer equipment life. |
Check IP and impact ratings, operating temperature, humidity limits, corrosion protection, drainage, and local installation conditions. |
| Electrical Safety and Compliance |
Equipment should comply with applicable electrical, electromagnetic-compatibility, charging-system, and local grid-interconnection requirements. |
Compliance reduces safety risks, approval delays, and insurance or liability concerns. |
Obtain certificates, declarations, test reports, protection coordination data, and utility-approval documentation before purchase. |
| Cybersecurity |
Use encrypted communications, unique credentials, role-based access, signed firmware, audit logs, and timely security updates. |
Connected chargers can affect payment data, operational technology, and site electrical loads. |
Assess network segmentation, certificate handling, vulnerability disclosure, incident response, and end-of-support policies. |
| Energy and Tariff Optimization |
Support scheduled charging, demand-limit control, time-of-use rules, and optional integration with solar or battery systems. |
Control strategies can reduce peak-demand charges and improve the use of on-site renewable energy. |
Model tariffs, demand charges, vehicle dwell patterns, battery limits, and the financial effect of charging schedules. |
| Data and Reporting |
Capture session energy, duration, start and end time, connector status, faults, utilization, and peak demand. |
Accurate data supports billing, maintenance planning, utilization analysis, and sustainability reporting. |
Confirm data ownership, export formats, retention periods, dashboard access, and integration with existing systems. |
| Scalability and Total Cost |
Allow for modular power expansion, additional charging points, software licensing, maintenance, energy losses, civil works, and utility charges. |
The lowest purchase price may not provide the lowest lifetime cost or the easiest expansion path. |
Compare five- to ten-year total cost of ownership, including installation, service, replacements, software, electricity, and decommissioning. |